HIV‐1 Genotypic Drug‐Resistance Interpretation Algorithms Need to Include Hypersusceptibility‐Associated Mutations

HIV-1 genotypic drug-resistance interpretation algorithms need to include hypersusceptibility-associated mutations.

To the Editor—Tozzi et al. [1] recently reported a retrospective study investigating the effect that mutations associated with hypersusceptibility to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have on the virological response to efa-virenz-based therapies. The authors concluded that " the M41L, M184V, L210W, and T215Y mutations were associated with a better, although transient, vir...

Predictive value of HIV-1 genotypic resistance test interpretation algorithms.

BACKGROUND Interpreting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotypic drug-resistance test results is challenging for clinicians treating HIV-1-infected patients. Multiple drug-resistance interpretation algorithms have been developed, but their predictive value has rarely been evaluated using contemporary clinical data sets. METHODS We examined the predictive value of 4 algorithms at ...

From Reconstructive Triangle to Reconstructive Quadrangle: Time to Include Tissue Distraction in the Reconstructive Algorithms

We need to include bystander first aid in trauma research

BACKGROUND The chain of trauma survival is a concept that originated in the area of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and was adapted to the treatment of trauma. In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest research into bystander first aid has resulted in improved outcome. Whereas, in trauma research the first link of the chain of survival is almost ignored. METHODS In OHCA, cardiopulmonary resusci...

The need to include animal protection in public health policies

Many critical public health issues require non-traditional approaches. Although many novel strategies are used, one approach not widely applied involves improving the treatment of animals. Emerging infectious diseases are pressing public health challenges that could benefit from improving the treatment of animals. Other human health issues, that overlap with animal treatment issues, and that wa...